Tyre alignment is crucial for vehicle safety and performance, with a focus on the unique driving conditions in Singapore. Know more about what tyre alignment means, the common causes of misalignment, and effective methods to rectify it.

Singapore’s roads are generally well-maintained, though the hot climate causes the tarmac to expand, and throw in road over-use, tyre troughs and potholes formed. We also have roads that meander in certain parts of Singapore, making tight turns a toll on tyres. Furthermore, our roads are constantly under some construction due to surface roadworks or underground works, so loose gravel and uneven repatching are sometimes present even after works are completed.

Tyre alignment, often referred to as wheel alignment, is the process of adjusting the angles of a vehicle’s wheels to ensure they position correctly relative to the car and the road.  Proper alignment is essential for optimal vehicle handling, fuel efficiency, and tyre longevity. In essence, it helps the vehicle track straight when the steering wheel is centred, allowing for a smoother driving experience.

The tyre contact patch, the small rectangular area of the tyre’s tread, makes contact with the ground. The size depends on tyre size, tyre pressure and the vehicle’s weight. Within this patch, the proper grip, called the molecular grip of the tyre’s vulcanised rubber, ensure it ‘sticks’ to the road, and the friction force keeps tyres from sliding on the road.

Importance of Tyre Alignment

Maintaining proper tyre alignment is vital for several reasons:

• Safety: Misaligned wheels can lead to unpredictable vehicle handling, such as the vehicle pulling to one side, steering wheel vibrating or off-centred, increasing the risk of accidents.
• Tyre longevity: Proper alignment prevents uneven tyre wear on the tyre’s edge rather than the contact patch, extending the lifespan of the tyres.
• Fuel efficiency: Misalignment can cause the vehicle to work harder to propel forward and to resist the sway, leading to increased fuel consumption.
• Comfort: A well-aligned vehicle provides a smoother ride, reducing vibrations and steering issues.

Causes of Misaligned Wheels

Recognising the symptoms of misalignment early can prevent further damage and ensure safety. Here are key indicators that a vehicle may need a wheel alignment:

• Pulling to one side: If the car drifts or pulls to one side while driving straight – test it on an empty straight road by letting go your grip momentarily on the steering wheel at a slow speed.
• Off-centre and vibrating steering wheel: If the steering wheel is not centred when driving straight, it indicates that the wheels may not be aligned properly. In addition, if the steering wheel vibrates while driving, it could be a sign of misalignment or other issues with the suspension or tyres.
• Uneven tyre wear: Inspecting the tyres for uneven wear patterns can reveal alignment issues. For example, if one side of the tyre is more worn than the other, it’s a strong indicator of misalignment.
• Lower fuel economy: If you find that your vehicle is using more fuel to drive your usual daily routes, it is also a sign of tyre misalignment.

Rectifying Misalignment

If misalignment is suspected, it is crucial to have it rectified promptly. Here are steps to address the issue effectively:

• Professional inspection: The first step is to have a professional inspect the vehicle. Many workshops specialise in wheel alignment and can provide a thorough assessment using advanced equipment.
• Alignment adjustment: Once misalignment is confirmed, the technician will adjust the angles of the wheels. The three main angles to be adjusted are:
  • Camber: The inward or outward angle of the tyres when viewed from the front.
  • Toe: The angle of the tyres when viewed from above.
  • Caster: The angle of the steering axis when viewed from the side.
• Regular maintenance: To prevent future misalignment, regular maintenance is essential. This includes:
  • Routine checks: Have the alignment checked at least once a year or whenever new tyres are installed.
  • Proper tyre pressure: Regularly check and maintain the correct tyre pressure.
  • Avoiding road hazards: Drive cautiously, especially in areas with known road hazards.
• Tyre rotation: Regularly rotating the tyres with tyres balancing can help ensure even wear and prolong the lifespan of the tyres. This should be done every 8,000 to 10,000 kilometres or as recommended by the tyre manufacturer.

Good Alignment, Safer Driving